中期18F-FDG PET-CT两种图像判读法在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤预后评估中的应用

目的:探讨中期正电子发射型计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography-computed tomography,PET-CT)Deauville五分法(Deauville five-point scale,5-PS)与最大标准摄取值缩减率(maximum standard uptake value variation,△SUVmax)两种图像判读法在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)患者预后评估中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2012年10月至2018年6月重庆医科大学附属第一医院收治的94例DLBCL患者资料。采用Kaplan-Meier法及Cox比例风险回归模型进行生存资料分析,计算并采用χ2检验比较5-PS和△SUVmax对DLBCL患者预后预测的能力。结果:5-PS和△SUVmax分别以4分、86%进行分组。5-PS<4分组、△SUVmax≥86%组的患者无进展生存期(progression free survival,PFS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS)均优于5-PS≥4分组、△SUVmax<86%组的患者(P<0.05)。△SUVmax与5-PS对患者PFS和OS均有影响,较高的阴性预测值(89.4%,93.6%;76.1%,85.9%),较低的阳性预测值(48.9%,31.9%;47.8%,34.8%),并且△SUVmax对于患者的敏感性优于5-PS(82.1%,83.3%vs.39.3%,44.4%)。单因素分析中国际预后指数(international prognostic index,IPI)(P=0.007)、△SUVmax(P<0.001)、5-PS(P=0.014)及基线全身肿瘤代谢体积(total metabolic tumor volume,TMTV)(P=0.001)与PFS相关,△SUVmax(P=0.014)、5-PS(P=0.033)、TMTV(P=0.004)与OS相关;多因素分析显示TMTV是OS的独立预测因子(P=0.005),△SUVmax和TMTV是PFS的独立预测因子(P=0.002,P=0.020),并且△SUVmax<86%且高水平TMTV患者较低TMTV患者的PFS明显缩短(P=0.001)。结论:5-PS和△SUVmax均能初步评估DLBCL患者预后,但△SUVmax具有更高的预测价值,并且联合基线TMTV可以对DLBCL患者进行再次危险度分层。     

Epidemiology and risk factors of colorectal cancer in China

In China, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranked fourth and fifth in the highest incidence and mortality rates of all malignancies in 2018, respectively. Although these rates are below the world average, China placed first worldwide in the number of new CRC cases and CRC-related deaths because of its comparatively large population. This disease represents a threat to the health of population and incurs a heavy economic burden on the society and individuals. CRC has various risk factors, including age, sex, lifestyle, genetic factors, obesity, diabetes, gut microbiota status, and precancerous lesions. Furthermore, incidence and mortality rates of CRC are closely related to socioeconomic development levels, varying according to regional and population characteristics. Prevention is the main strategy to reduce incidence and mortality rates of CRC. This can be achieved through strategies stimulating lifestyle changes, healthy diet habits, and early screening for high-risk individuals. To reduce the burden of CRC, public health officials should promote prevention and management of modifiable risk factors through national policies. The rising incidence and mortality rates of CRC in China may be timely curbed by clarifying specific epidemiological characteristics, optimizing early screening strategies, and strictly implementing diagnosis and treatment guidelines. Thus, this study aimed to collect and report the current research status on epidemiology and risk factors of CRC in China.     

Safety of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in a Phase 3, randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled clinical trial among Chinese women during 90 months of follow-up

Background

A quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccine (HPV6/11/16/18) has demonstrated efficacy and acceptable safety in international studies. However, these studies did not include participants from mainland China, which has a substantial burden of HPV-related disease. This is the first safety report with a follow-up period of up to 90?months from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of qHPV vaccine in Chinese women 20–45?years of age.

陈皮水提物指纹图谱的化学计量学分析及与糖尿病认知功能障碍的谱效关系

目的:建立陈皮水提物的HPLC指纹图谱,并研究其与糖尿病大鼠认知功能的谱效关系。方法:采用HPLC建立21批陈皮水提物的指纹图谱,流动相乙腈(A)-0.1%的磷酸(B)梯度洗脱,检测波长270 nm;采用指纹图谱软件中的相似度评价,SPSS 24.0二维聚类分析和SIMCA 14.1主成分分析对结果进行分析;采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ,50 mg·kg^-1)复制糖尿病大鼠模型,模型复制成功后给予陈皮水提物灌胃,定期检测空腹血糖值,诱导第12周Morris水迷宫检测实验大鼠的空间学习记忆能力,灰色关联度分析和偏最小二乘回归分析研究谱效关系。结果:确定了陈皮水提物中25个共有峰,鉴定出5种物质,并且将21个不同品种、产地的陈皮分成了2类;与模型组比较,灌胃陈皮水提物的各组大鼠空腹血糖下降,认知能力得到改善;灰色关联分析及最小偏二乘回归分析谱效关系表明,19,15,4,17,6号峰与糖尿病大鼠认知功能关联性较大。结论:不同品种、产地之间的陈皮水提物存在一定的差异,通过化学计量学可以方便、快捷的对不同产地的陈皮水提取物质进行全面的质量评价,并且陈皮水提物可降低糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖值及改善认知能力,其发挥作用是多种有效成分共同起效的结果,其中19,15,4,17,6号峰是与糖尿病大鼠认知功能密切相关的成分。     

十味温胆汤治疗缺血性卒中后抑郁心胆气虚证的临床观察

目的:观察十味温胆汤治疗缺血性卒中后抑郁心胆气虚证临床疗效,探究其作用机制。方法:将缺血性卒中后抑郁心胆气虚证患者80例,采用随机数字表法分组。对照组40例,给予口服用抗抑郁药帕罗西汀20 mg·d-1;观察组40例,十味温胆汤内服,1剂/d。两组疗程均为连续治疗4周。观察两组的临床疗效、汉密尔顿抑郁量表-17(HAMD-17)因子评分,血清C-反应蛋白(CRP),同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平,中医证候积分、生活质量评分,并进行比较。结果:经过治疗,观察组疗效明显优于对照组(Z=-2.104,P0.05),且总有效率明显高于对照组(χ2=5.00,P0.05);与本组治疗前进行比较,观察组患者的HAMD量表-17各因子评分均明显减少(P0.05),对照组患者的HAMD量表-17各因子评分除绝望感、焦虑两项无差异,其他各项因子评分均明显减少(P0.05);与对照组治疗后比较,观察组HAMD量表-17各因子评分减少更明显(P0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者血清CRP,Hcy水平均显著降低(P0.01);与对照组治疗后比较,观察组血清CRP,Hcy水平降低更明显(P0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,治疗后观察组患者中医证候评分均显著减少(P0.01),对照组患者小便清长明显降低(P0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,治疗后观察组患者生活质量评分均显著提高(P0.01),对照组患者SF-36健康调查简表评分除精力、社会职能,其他评分均明显提高(P0.05),观察组治疗后躯体功能、生理智能、躯体疼痛、社会职能、精神健康评分较对照组明显升高(P0.05)。结论:与常规西医治疗比较,十味温胆汤治疗缺血性卒中后抑郁心胆气虚证,可进一步减轻患者的抑郁程度,改善抑郁症状,提高生活质量,临床疗效和综合效果更为明显。     

Effect of sensorineural hearing loss on neurocognitive and adaptive functioning in survivors of pediatric embryonal brain tumor

Journal of Neuro-Oncology - Survivors of pediatric embryonal brain tumors (BT) are at high risk for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with neurocognitive decline. However, previous...     

Facial nerve management in patients with malignant skull base tumors

Journal of Neuro-Oncology - The course of the facial nerve through the cerebellopontine angle, temporal bone, and parotid gland puts the nerve at risk in cases of malignancy. In contrast to...     

Editorial

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology -